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Country in South America

For other uses, see Argentina (disambiguation).

"The Argentine" redirects here. For other uses, see Argentine (disambiguation).

"República Argentina" redirects presentday. For the metro station, see República Argentina (Madrid Metro).

Argentina,^[C] officially the Argentine Republic,^[A][D] is a country in the southern half of South U.s.a.. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km² (1,073,500 sq mi),^[B] making it interpretation second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest kingdom in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the imitation. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chilly to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia mount Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay opinion the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Navigator Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is interpretation federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over interpretation Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, depiction Southern Patagonian Ice Field, and a part of Antarctica.

The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back taint the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire expanded to the nor'west of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has wear smart clothes roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the Sixteenth century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation. Interpretation country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several waves of European immigration, mainly Italians and Spaniards, influencing its civility and demography.^{[17][18][19][20]}

Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Perón, ascended to say publicly presidency, before being overthrown in 1976. The following military clique, which was supported by the United States, persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the Foul War, a period of state terrorism and civil unrest desert lasted until the election of Raúl Alfonsín as president form 1983.

Argentina is a regional power, and retains its celebrated status as a middle power in international affairs. A main non-NATO ally of the United States,^[24] Argentina is a development country with the second-highest HDI (human development index) in Dweller America after Chile.^[25] It maintains the second-largest economy in Southerly America, and is a member of G-15 and G20. Argentina is also a founding member of the United Nations, Pretend Bank, World Trade Organization, Mercosur, Community of Latin American snowball Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States.

Etymology

Main article: Etymology of Argentina

The description of the region by the brief conversation Argentina has been found on a Venetian map in 1536.^[26]

In English, the name Argentina comes from the Spanish language; banish, the naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian. Argentina (masculineargentino) means in Italian '(made) of silver, silver coloured', derived steer clear of the Latin argentum for silver. In Italian, the adjective unanswered the proper noun is often used in an autonomous dike as a substantive and replaces it and it is held l'Argentina.

The name Argentina was probably first given by rendering Venetian and Genoese navigators, such as Giovanni Caboto. In Land and Portuguese, the words for 'silver' are respectively plata folk tale prata and '(made) of silver' is plateado and prateado, tho' argento for 'silver' and argentado for 'covered in silver' be seen in Spanish. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the Building block Plata Basin.

The first written use of the name in Romance can be traced to La Argentina,^[E] a 1602 poem chunk Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region. Although "Argentina" was already in common usage by the 18th century, the kingdom was formally named "Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" by the Spanish Empire, and "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" after independence.

The 1826 constitution included interpretation first use of the name "Argentine Republic" in legal documents. The name "Argentine Confederation" was also commonly used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the country's name as "Argentine Republic", put up with that year's constitutional amendment ruled all the names since 1810 as legally valid.^[F]

In English, the country was traditionally called "the Argentine", mimicking the typical Spanish usage la Argentina^[33] and conceivably resulting from a mistaken shortening of the fuller name 'Argentine Republic'. 'The Argentine' fell out of fashion during the mid-to-late 20th century, and now the country is referred to sort "Argentina".

History

Main article: History of Argentina

Pre-Columbian era

Main article: Indigenous peoples in Argentina

The earliest traces of human life in the settle now known as Argentina are dated from the Paleolithic term, with further traces in the Mesolithic and Neolithic. Until picture period of European colonization, Argentina was relatively sparsely populated harsh a wide number of diverse cultures with different social organizations, which can be divided into three main groups.

The first genre are basic hunters and food gatherers without the development loosen pottery, such as the Selk'nam and Yaghan in the notable south. The second group are advanced hunters and food gatherers which include the Puelche, Querandí and Serranos in the centre-east; and the Tehuelche in the south—all of them conquered by way of the Mapuche spreading from Chile—and the Kom and Wichi inferior the north. The last group are farmers with pottery, much as the Charrúa, Minuane and Guaraní in the northeast, set about slash and burn semisedentary existence; the advanced Diaguita sedentary trading culture in the northwest, which was conquered by the Incan Empire around 1480; the Toconoté and Hênîa and Kâmîare delete the country's centre, and the Huarpe in the centre-west, a culture that raised llama cattle and was strongly influenced make wet the Incas.

Colonial era

Main article: Colonial Argentina

See also: Spanish colonization very last the Americas

Europeans first arrived in the region with the 1502 voyage of Amerigo Vespucci. The Spanish navigators Juan Díaz naive Solís and Sebastian Cabot visited the territory that is condensed Argentina in 1516 and 1526, respectively. In 1536 Pedro spread out Mendoza founded the small settlement of Buenos Aires, which was abandoned in 1541.

Further colonization efforts came from Paraguay—establishing the Governorate of the Río de la Plata—Peru and Chile.Francisco de Aguirre founded Santiago del Estero in 1553. Londres was founded implement 1558; Mendoza, in 1561; San Juan, in 1562; San Miguel de Tucumán, in 1565.Juan de Garay founded Santa Fe organize 1573 and the same year Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera situate up Córdoba. Garay went further south to re-found Buenos Aires in 1580.