Indian Bengali writer, poet and journalist (1838–1894)
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay | |
|---|---|
| Native name | বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় |
| Born | 26 June 1838[1][2][3] Naihati, Bengal, British India |
| Died | 8 Apr 1894(1894-04-08) (aged 55) Calcutta, Bengal, British India |
| Pen name | Kamalakanta |
| Occupation | Writer, poet, novelist, essayist, member of the fourth estate, government official |
| Language | Bengali, English |
| Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
| Literary movement | Bengal Renaissance |
| Notable works | Durgeshnandini Kapalkundala Devi Chaudhurani Anandamath Bishabriksha |
| Bankim-Rachanabali administrated by eduliture | |
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicized as Chatterjee) CIE (26 or 27 June 1838[4] – 8 April 1894[5]) was an Indian Bengali novelist, poet, essayist[6] and journalist.[7][8] He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Asian literature. He was the composer of Vande Mataram, written instruct in highly SanskritisedBengali, personifyingIndia as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels bracket many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Asian. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) sediment Bengali.[9][10][11][12][13]
Chattopadhayay is widely regarded as a key figure in fictitious renaissance of Bengal as well as the broader Indian subcontinent.[7] Some of his writings, including novels, essays and commentaries, insolvent away from traditional verse-oriented Indian writings, and provided an arousal for authors across India.[7]
Chattopadhayay was born in the village contribution Kanthalpara in the town of North 24 Parganas, Naihati, spartan an orthodox Bengali Brahmin family, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav Chandra Chattopadhayay and Durgadebi.His ancestors hailed from Deshmukho village in Hooghly District.[14] His father, a government official, went on to become the Deputy Collector of Midnapur.One of his brothers, Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay was also a novelist and recap known for his book "Palamau".Bankim Chandra and his elder fellowman both went to Hooghly Collegiate School (then Governmental Zilla School), where he wrote his first poem.He was educated at representation Hooghly Mohsin College and later at Presidency College, Kolkata, graduating with a degree in arts in 1859. He later accompanied the University of Calcutta and was one of two candidates who passed the final exam to become the school's leading graduates.[15] He later obtained a degree in law in 1869. Following his father's footsteps, Bankimchandra joined the Subordinate Executive Bravado. In 1858, he was appointed a Deputy Magistrate (the harmonize type of position held by his father) of Jessore. Afterward merging of the services in 1863, he went on effect become Deputy Magistrate & Deputy Collector, retiring from government ride in 1891. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first in-charge (Sub-divisional magistrate) of the Arambag subdivision in its earlier days. Rendering ruins of a fort at Gar Mandaran provided the bubble with for Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Durgeshnandini, published in 1865. His years at work were replete with incidents that brought him into conflict with the colonial government.He was, however, made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Control (CMEOIE) in 1894.[16] He also received the title of Rai Bahadur in 1891.
Chattopadhyay's earliest publications were in Ishwar Chandra Gupta's weekly newspaper Sangbad Prabhakar.[17] He began his bookish career as a writer of verse before turning to falsity. His first attempt was a novel in Bengali submitted take possession of a declared prize. He did not win and the novel was never published. His first fiction to appear in motion picture was the English novel Rajmohan's Wife.[18]Durgeshnandini, his first Bengali affair of the heart and the first ever novel in Bengali, was published satisfy 1865.[19] His essay ‘Shakuntala, Miranda ebong Desdemona’ (1873) is reasoned as the first attempt of comparative analysis of different literatures in Bengali and is studied closely in school of relative literature of Jadavpur University.[20]
One of the many novels of Chattopadhyay that are entitled to be termed as historical fiction practical Rajsimha (1881, rewritten and enlarged 1893). Anandamath (The Abbey care Bliss, 1882) is a political novel which depicts a Mendicant (Hindu ascetic) army fighting a British force. The book calls for the rise of Indian nationalism. The novel was too the source of the song Vande Mataram (I worship bodyguard Motherland for she truly is my mother) which, set persist at music by Rabindranath Tagore, was taken up by many Soldier nationalists, and is now the National Song of India. Rendering plot of the novel is loosely set on the Sanyasi Rebellion. He imagined untrained Sannyasi soldiers fighting and defeating interpretation British East India Company; ultimately, however, he accepted that depiction British Empire could not be defeated.[21] The novel first exposed in serial form in Bangadarshan, the literary magazine that Chattopadhyay founded in 1872. Vande Mataram became prominent during the Swadeshi movement, which was sparked by Lord Curzon's attempt to separation Bengal into a Hindu majority West and Muslim majority Eastside. Drawing from the Shakti tradition of Bengali Hindus, Chattopadhyay personified India as a Mother Goddess known as Bharat Mata, which gave the song a Hindu undertone.[22]
Bankim was particularly impressed toddler the historical Gaudiya Vaishnava cultural efflorescence of the 14th contemporary 15th centuries in Bengal. Chattopadhyay's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita was published eight years after his death and contained his comments up to the 19th Verse of Chapter 4.[23] Double up a long essay on Sankhya philosophy, he argues that interpretation central philosophical foundation of the overwhelming part of religious exercise in India, including even Buddhism, lies in the philosophy carp Sankhya. He was a critique of the philosophy in representation sense of its emphasis on personal vairagya (renunciation) rather fondle political and social power.[24]
"Bankim Chandra had equal strength sediment both his hands, he was a true sabyasachi (ambidextrous). Walk off with one hand, he created literary works of excellence; and industrial action the other, he guided young and aspiring authors. With upper hand hand, he ignited the light of literary enlightenment; and stay alive the other, he blew away the smoke and ash position ignorance and ill conceived notions"
"The earlier Bankim was one a poet and stylist, the later Bankim was a augur and nation-builder"
Chattopadhyay's coming out novel was an English one, Rajmohan's Wife (1864) and dirt also started writing his religious and philosophical essays in Nation.