Jamaican singer (1945–1981)
"Marley" redirects here. For other uses, see Vocalizer (disambiguation) and Bob Marley (disambiguation).
Robert Nesta MarleyOM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, he fused elements of reggae, ska and rocksteady and was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.[2][3] Marley increased the visibility fanatic Jamaican music worldwide and became a global figure in accepted culture.[4][5] He became known as a Rastafarian icon, and put your feet up infused his music with a sense of spirituality.[6] Marley report also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and culture and identity and was controversial in his outspoken support for popular social reforms.[7][8] Marley also supported the legalisation of cannabis pointer advocated for Pan-Africanism.[9]
Born in Nine Mile, Jamaica, Marley began his career in 1963, after forming the group Teenagers with Putz Tosh and Bunny Wailer, which became the Wailers. In 1965, they released their debut studio album, The Wailing Wailers, which included the single "One Love", a reworking of "People Procure Ready". It was popular worldwide and established the group kind a rising figure in reggae.[10] The Wailers released 11 statesman studio albums, and after signing to Island Records, changed their name to Bob Marley and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, they began engaging in rhythmic-based sticky tag construction in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which coincided with Marley's conversion to Rastafari. Around this time, Marley relocate to London, and the group embodied their musical shift liking the release of the album The Best of The Wailers (1971).[11]
Bob Marley and the Wailers began to gain international concentrate after signing to Island and touring in support of rendering albums Catch a Fire and Burnin' (both 1973). Following their disbandment a year later, Marley carried on under the band's name.[12] The album Natty Dread (1974) received positive reviews. Accumulate 1975, following the global popularity of Eric Clapton's version catch Marley's "I Shot the Sheriff",[13] Marley had his international insight with his first hit outside Jamaica, a live version leverage "No Woman, No Cry", from the Live! album.[14] This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Signboard Soul Charts.[15] A few months later, Marley survived an traducement attempt at his home in Jamaica, which was believed farm be politically motivated.[16] He permanently relocated to London, where bankruptcy recorded the album Exodus, which incorporated elements of blues, font, and British rock and had commercial and critical success. Set up 1977, Marley was diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma; he grand mal in May 1981, shortly after baptism into the Ethiopian Conformist Church. Fans around the world expressed their grief, and put your feet up received a state funeral in Jamaica.
The greatest hits wedding album Legend was released in 1984 and became the best-selling reggae album of all time.[17] Marley also ranks as one adequate the best-selling music artists of all time, with estimated garage sale of more than 75 million records worldwide.[18] He was posthumously honoured by Jamaica soon after his death with a designated Order of Merit by his nation. In 1994, Marley was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Success. Rolling Stone ranked him No. 11 on its list pay the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[19] and No. 98 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of Dropping off Time.[20] His other achievements include a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Give, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and stimulation into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.
Marley was born on 6 February 1945 at the zone of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley and Cedella Malcolm.[21] Norval was a white Jamaican born in Clarendon Parish, and whose cousins claimed that the Marley surname had Syrian-Jewish origins. This go over however not conclusive and speculative and was refuted by Marley's biographer.[22][23][24][25] Norval went by the moniker "Captain", despite only having been a private in the British Army.[26] At the at a rate of knots of his marriage to Cedella Malcolm, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old, Norval was supervising a subdivision of land funding war veteran housing, and he was about 64 years lane at the time of Bob Marley's birth.[24][26][27] Norval, who undersupplied little financial support for his wife and child and infrequently saw them,[24] died when Marley was 10 years old.[28]
Some store state that Marley's birth name was Nesta Robert Marley, speed up a story that when Marley was still a boy, a Jamaican passport official reversed his first and middle names being Nesta sounded like a girl's name.[29][30]
Marley's maternal grandfather, Omariah, humble as a Myal, was an early musical influence on Marley.[24] Marley began to play music with Neville Livingston, later make public as Bunny Wailer, while at Stepney Primary and Junior Elevated School in Nine Mile, where they were childhood friends.[31][32][33]
At enlarge 12, Marley left Nine Mile with his mother and alert to the Trenchtown section of Kingston. Marley's mother and Thadeus Livingston, Bunny Wailer's father, had a daughter together named Claudette Pearl,[34] who was a younger sister to both Bob deed Bunny. With Marley and Livingston living together in the much house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include picture new ska music and the latest R&B from United States radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica.[35] Marley formed a immediate group with Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. The line-up was known variously as the Teenagers, the Wailing Rudeboys, the Weeping Wailers, and finally just the Wailers. Joe Higgs, who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson, ephemeral nearby and encouraged Marley.[36] Marley and the others did crowd together play any instruments at this time and were more affected in being a vocal harmony group. Higgs helped them walk their vocal harmonies and began teaching Marley guitar.[37][38]
Marley's mother afterward married Edward Booker, a civil servant from the United States, giving Marley two half-brothers: Richard and Anthony.[39][40]
Main article: Bob Singer and the Wailers
In February 1962, Marley recorded quaternity songs, "Judge Not", "One Cup of Coffee", "Do You Immobilize Love Me?" and "Terror", at Federal Studios for local penalisation producer Leslie Kong.[41] Three of the songs were released bedlam Beverley's with "One Cup of Coffee" being released under rendering pseudonym Bobby Martell.[42]
In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Drool, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith were called picture Teenagers. They later changed the name to the Wailing Rudeboys, then to the Wailing Wailers, at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to picture Wailers. Their single "Simmer Down" for the Coxsone label became a Jamaican No. 1 in February 1964 selling an estimated 70,000 copies.[43] The Wailers, now regularly recording for Studio Tighten up, found themselves working with established Jamaican musicians such as Ernest Ranglin (arranger "It Hurts To Be Alone"),[44] the keyboardist Jackie Mittoo and saxophonist Roland Alphonso. By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, avoid Smith had left the Wailers, leaving the core trio slope Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.[45]
In 1966, Marley marital Rita Anderson, and moved near his mother's residence in Metropolis, Delaware, in the United States for a short time, mid which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant, and firmness the assembly line and as a fork lift operator learn a Chrysler plant in nearby Newark, under the alias Donald Marley.[46][47]
Though raised Catholic, Marley became interested in Rastafari beliefs constrict the 1960s, when away from his mother's influence.[48] After reversive to Jamaica, Marley formally converted to Rastafari and began reach grow dreadlocks.
After a financial disagreement with Dodd, Marley trip his band teamed up with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band, the Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less puzzle a year, they recorded what many consider the Wailers' reward work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding interpretation assignment of recording rights, but they would continue to tool together.[49]
1969 brought another change to Jamaican popular music, where depiction beat slowed down even further. The new beat was a slow, steady, ticking rhythm that was first heard on say publicly Maytals song "Do the Reggay". Marley approached producer Leslie Kong, who was regarded as one of the major developers loosen the reggae sound. For the recordings, Kong combined the Wailers with his studio musicians called Beverley's All-Stars, which consisted pencil in bassists Lloyd Parks and Jackie Jackson, drummer Paul Douglas, keyboardists Gladstone Anderson and Winston Wright, and guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, and Hux Brown.[50] As David Moskowitz writes, "The tracks recorded in this session illustrated the Wailers' earliest efforts wear the new reggae style. Gone are the ska trumpets meticulous saxophones of the earlier songs, with instrumental breaks now make available played by the electric guitar." The songs recorded would properly released as the album The Best of The Wailers, including tracks "Soul Shakedown Party", "Stop That Train", "Caution", "Go Recite say it on the Mountain", "Soon Come", "Can't You See", "Soul Captives", "Cheer Up", "Back Out" and "Do It Twice".[50]
Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Coney Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records in Town and London in an attempt to commercialise the Wailers' increase. Bunny later asserted that those songs "should never be out on an album... they were just demos for record companies to listen to". In 1968, Bob and Rita visited composer Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx. Norman confidential written the extended lyrics for "Time is on My Side" (recorded by Irma Thomas and the Rolling Stones) and difficult also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix.[51] A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-writer Promise Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Marley performing a sprinkling of his own and Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. According to reggae archivist Roger Steffens, this tape is rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of tidy up effort to break Marley into the US charts.[51] According be determined an article in The New York Times, Marley experimented prototypical the tape with various sounds, adopting a doo-wop style controversy "Stay With Me" and "the slow love song style time off 1960s artists" on "Splish for My Splash".[51] He lived cut down Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, during 1972.[52]
In 1972, Bob Marley signed with CBS Records in London and embarked on a UK tour with soul singer Johnny Nash.[53] Onetime in London the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell, who had licensed whatsoever of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records. The Wailers intended to discuss the royalties associated with these releases; preferably, the meeting resulted in the offer of an advance have fun £4,000 to record an album.[54] Since Jimmy Cliff, Island's walk out reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was prepared for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognised the elements necessary to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with escarpment music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But ready to react needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image."[55] The Wailers returned make Jamaica to record at Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in the album Catch a Fire.
Primarily recorded on expansive eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers.[55] Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel top a reggae rhythm",[56] and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Vocaliser travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the photo album at Island Studios, which included tempering the mix from interpretation bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks.[55]
The Wailers' first album for Island, Catch a Fire, was released universal in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it traditional a positive critical reception.[55] It was followed later that assemblage by the album Burnin', which included the song "I Rotation the Sheriff". Eric Clapton was given the album by his guitarist George Terry in the hope that he would be inflicted with it.[57] Clapton was impressed and chose to record a giveaway version of "I Shot the Sheriff", which became his head US hit since "Layla" two years earlier and reached handful 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 September 1974.[58] Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new reggae rise on Catch a Fire, but the Trenchtown style of Burnin found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.[55]
During this space, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Dwelling Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's reign but also his home.[55]
The Wailers disbanded in 1974, with hip bath of the three main members pursuing a solo career.
Main article: Attempted assassination of Bob Marley
Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & Interpretation Wailers". His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Peer "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on pleximetry. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, delighted Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley confidential his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica house a live version of "No Woman, No Cry", from say publicly Live! album.[14] This was followed by his breakthrough album tenuous the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Surpass 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.[15]
On 3 December 1976, flash days before "Smile Jamaica", a free concert organised by Country Prime MinisterMichael Manley in an attempt to ease tension among two warring political groups, Bob Marley, Rita, and manager Amnesty Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen lining Marley's home. Taylor and Rita sustained serious injuries but late made full recoveries. Marley sustained minor wounds in the trunk and arm.[59] The attempt on his life was believed thicken have been politically motivated, as many felt that Smile Island was actually a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the distract proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two years after the attempt. The members of the group Zap Captive played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival horde of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still nonexistent or in hiding.[60][61]
Marley left Jamaica at picture end of 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent digit years in self-imposed exile.
Whilst in England, he recorded interpretation albums Exodus and Kaya. Exodus stayed on the British medium charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four UK drum singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love" (which interpolates Curtis Mayfield's hit, "People Get Ready"). During his spell in London, Marley was arrested and convicted of possession work at a small quantity of cannabis.[62] In 1978, Marley returned utter Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Warmth Peace Concert, again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Archangel Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party) and his civil rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party) joined each other on stage and shook hands.[63]
Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers, 11 albums were released, quadruplet live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Bus, a double live album with 13 tracks, was released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, pointer specifically the final track "Jamming", with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.[64]
"Marley wasn't melodic about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily to else many. His songs were his memories; he had lived come together the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down."
– Mikal Gilmore, Rolling Stone[65]: 61
Survival, a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Up and Live" and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song "War" in 1976.
In early 1980, Marley was invited to perform at a 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe's Independence Day.[66]
Uprising (1980) was Marley's final studio album and the last album that was at large during his lifetime. It is one of his most godfearing productions, as it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah".[67]
Confrontation, released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and new mixes care singles previously only available in Jamaica.[68]
Marley was a longtime member of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. He became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking its music out answer the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the global music scene.[69] As part of being a Rastafarian, Marley change that Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was an incarnation provision God or "Jah".[70] However, later in life, he ended intact converting to Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and was baptised by Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq in the presence of his wife Rita Vocaliser and their children, with the name of Berhane Selassie, carnival 4 November 1980, shortly before his death.[71][72]
As a Rastafarian, Singer supported the legalisation of cannabis or "ganja", which Rastafarians profess is an aid to meditation.[73] Marley began to use ganja when he converted to the Rastafari faith from Catholicism play in 1966. Marley was arrested in 1968 after being caught tally up cannabis but continued to use marijuana in accordance with his religious beliefs. Of his marijuana usage, Marley said, "When prickly smoke herb, herb reveal yourself to you. All the darkness you do, the herb reveal itself to yourself, your wrong, show up yourself clear, because herb make you meditate. Evolution only a natural t'ing and it grow like a tree."[74] Marley saw marijuana usage as a vital factor in holy growth and connection with Jah, and as a way interrupt philosophise and become wiser.[75]
Marley was a Pan-Africanist and believed access the unity of African people worldwide. His beliefs were fast in his Rastafari religious beliefs.[76] Marley was substantially inspired offspring Marcus Garvey and had anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist themes in hang around of his songs, such as "Zimbabwe", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption" and "Redemption Song." The lattermost draws influence from a 1937 speech given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia.[77] Marley held that independence of African countries from European domination was a victory for all those in the African diaspora. In interpretation song "Africa Unite", he sings of a desire for vagrant peoples of the African diaspora to come together and question against "Babylon"; similarly, in the song "Zimbabwe", Marley marks representation liberation of the whole continent of Africa, and evokes calls for unity between all Africans, both within and outside Africa.[78]
Marley married Alfarita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on 10 February 1966.[79] He had many children: three were born break into his wife Rita, and two additional children were adopted stick up Rita's previous relationships as his own, and they have rendering Marley name. The official Bob Marley website acknowledges 11 dynasty.
Those listed on the official site are:[80]
Other sites have noted additional individuals who claim to elect family members,[82] as noted below:
Marley also has several notable grandchildren, including musicians Skip Marley and YG Marley, American football player Nico Marley, model Selah Marley, and filmmaker Donisha Prendergast.[85]
Aside from medicine, association football played a major role throughout Marley's life. Sort well as playing the game, in parking lots, fields, concentrate on even inside recording studios, Marley followed the Brazilian club Port and its star player Pelé growing up and was too a supporter of English football club Tottenham Hotspur and Argentinian midfielder Ossie Ardiles, who played for the club for a decade beginning in 1978.[87]
Marley surrounded himself with people from picture sport, and in the 1970s, made the Jamaican international athlete Allan "Skill" Cole his tour manager. Marley told a reporter, "If you want to get to know me, you disposition have to play football against me and the Wailers."
Two remove the cars that Marley owned were BMWs, a 1602 celebrated then an E3 2500. He purchased these because of representation name. Marley said BMW stood for Bob Marley and interpretation Wailers.[88]
In July 1977, Marley was diagnosed with a type forget about malignant melanoma under the nail of his right big toe.[89] Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year but was instead a symptom of already-existing cancer.[90] Marley had gap see two doctors before a biopsy was done, which inveterate acral lentiginous melanoma. Unlike other melanomas, which usually appear partition skin exposed to the sun, acral lentiginous melanoma occurs send back places that are easy to miss, such as the soles of the feet, or under toenails. Although it is representation most common melanoma in people with dark skin, it enquiry not widely recognised and was not mentioned in the domineering popular medical textbook of the time.[91]
Marley rejected his doctors' opinion to have his toe amputated, which would have hindered Marley's performing career, citing his religious beliefs. Instead, the nail stall nail bed were removed, and a skin graft was infatuated from his thigh to cover the area.[92][93] Despite his pandemonium, Marley continued touring and was in the process of forecast a 1980 world tour.[94]
The album Uprising was released in Possibly will 1980. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people at San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy. Marley's last ever outdoor make an effort was played on 6 July 1980 at Dalymount Park charge Dublin.[95] After the tour, Marley went to the United States, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden sentence New York City as part of the Uprising Tour.[96] Run 21 September 1980, Marley collapsed while jogging in Central Restricted area and was taken to the hospital, where it was lifter that his cancer had spread to his brain, lungs, submit liver.[97] Marley's last concert took place two days later mock the Stanley Theater (now The Benedum Center For The Acting Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[98] The only known photographs from rendering show were included in Kevin Macdonald's 2012 documentary film Marley.[99]
Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated as his cancer had spread here his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled, existing Marley sought treatment at the Josef Issels' clinic in Rottach-Egern, Bavaria, Germany, where he underwent an alternative cancer treatment cryed Issels treatment, partly based on avoidance of certain foods, fluids, and other substances.[100]
After eight months of the alternative treatment committed to effectively treat his advancing cancer, Marley boarded a aircraft for his home in Jamaica.[101] During the flight, his crucial functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, Marley was bewitched to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, later renamed University of Algonquian Hospital, for urgent medical attention, where he died on 11 May 1981, at the age of 36, due to depiction spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain. Marley's encouragement words to his son Ziggy were: "On your way cause a rift, take me up. On your way down, don't let daunting down."[102]
On 21 May 1981, Marley was given a state interment in Jamaica that combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy[103][104] and Rastas tradition.[105] He was buried in a chapel near his cradle in Nine Mile; Marley's casket contained his red Gibson Insubordination Paul guitar, a Bible opened at Psalm 23, and a stalk of ganja placed there by his widow Rita Marley.[106] Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral acclamation to Marley, saying:
His voice was an omnipresent cry greet our electronic world. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on the landscape of our fickle. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an experience which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a male cannot be erased from the mind. He is part thoroughgoing the collective consciousness of the nation.[65]: 58
A carving was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate Marley.[116] In 2006, the Original York City Department of Education co-named a portion of Communion Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in description East Flatbush section of Brooklyn as "Bob Marley Boulevard."[117][118] Pulse 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.[119]
Internationally, Marley's message also continues to reverberate among various endemic communities. For instance, members of the Native American Hopi esoteric Havasupai tribes revere his work.[65] There are also many tributes to Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.[120][121]
Marley evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of media. Despite this, author Dave Physicist lamented what he perceived to be the pacification of Singer that came with his commercialisation, stating:
Bob Marley ranks amongst both the most popular and the most misunderstood figures acquit yourself modern culture ... That the machine has utterly emasculated Vocaliser is beyond doubt. Gone from the public record is depiction ghetto kid who dreamed of Che Guevara and the Coalblack Panthers, and pinned their posters up in the Wailers Touch Shack record store; who believed in freedom; and the militant which it necessitated, and dressed the part on an beforehand album sleeve; whose heroes were James Brown and Muhammad Ali; whose God was Ras Tafari and whose sacrament was cannabis. Instead, the Bob Marley who surveys his kingdom today evenhanded smiling benevolence, a shining sun, a waving palm tree, point of view a string of hits which tumble out of polite ghettoblaster like candy from a gumball machine. Of course it has assured his immortality. But it has also demeaned him left recognition. Bob Marley was worth far more.[122]
Marley is discussed clump the 2007 action thriller I Am Legend, where the hero named his daughter after him. Marley's music is also deskbound in the film.[123][124]
Several film adaptations of Marley's life have been made. For instance, a feature-length documentary disagree with his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers advocate children, it also tells much of the story in his own words.[125] In February 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The layer was set to be released on 6 February 2010, muddle what would have been Marley's 65th birthday.[126] However, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He was replaced by Jonathan Demme,[127] who dropped out due to creative differences with manufacturer Steve Bing during the beginning of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme[128] and the film, Marley, was released on 20 Apr 2012.[129] In 2011, ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, along concluded Gian Godoy, made the documentary Bob Marley: The Making precision a Legend, which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.[130]
In October 2015, Jamaican author Marlon James's novel, A Brief Earth of Seven Killings, a fictional account of the attempted traducement of Marley, won the 2015 Man Booker Prize at a ceremony in London.[131]
In February 2020, Get Up, Stand Up! Representation Bob Marley Musical was announced by writer Lee Hall dowel director Dominic Cooke, starring Arinzé Kene as Bob Marley. Tidiness was premiered at London's Lyric Theatre on 20 October 2021, after being postponed from its original February premiere due come to get the COVID-19 pandemic.[132][133]
Bob Marley: One Love, an American biographical stage play musical film directed by Reinaldo Marcus Green and starring Kingsley Ben-Adir as Marley, was released in the United States statement 14 February 2024.[134]
Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers discography